Uruguay, a South American state, bordered by Brazil (to the N and NE) and Argentina (to the West); to the South and SE it overlooks the Río de la Plata and the Atlantic Ocean. The border with Argentina is marked by the river of the same name. Physical characteristics From the morphological point of view,… Read More »
It seems that at the arrival of the Spaniards the territories of today’s Republic of Uruguay were inhabited by just 5 or 6 thousand Indians (Charrúa, Yaro, Chaná, Bohán). At the end of the century Perhaps 30,000 residents lived in the country, which rose to 125,000 in the mid-century. XIX, to 520,000 in 1883, to… Read More »
Meanwhile, two parties had already formed – which will be called later, due to their respective uniforms: white and red, blancos and colorados. – headed respectively by Juan Lavalleja and Fructuoso Rivera and who subsequently, for almost a century, had to ravage the life of the young republic with their contrast. Rivera (1830-34) was elected… Read More »
The territories east of the Uruguay river – already in the century. XVII known with the name of Banda Oriental del Uruguay to distinguish them from the Banda occidental, including the territories today Argentine – they were part, since 1618, of the Spanish governorate of Río de la Plata, whose center was Buenos Aires. Placed… Read More »
It is natural that the “generation of ’45”, also known as the “generation of criticism”, carried out a large and often qualified essay activity, both in the pages of magazines such as Marcha or in the Cuadernos de Marcha or in other magazines, and in volumes monographic or various. Non-fiction now of a historiographic nature,… Read More »
In the years in which Europe was overwhelmed by the political crisis that led to the Second World War, the United States, like neighboring Argentina, not only enjoyed considerable economic prosperity, which lasted until the mid-1950s, but also of a revival in all fields of cultural and artistic life. Thus, the dates of 1939 and… Read More »
The advent of the military government (1973) exacerbated in the Uruguay a situation of social and economic crisis, which had already begun at the end of the 1960s. The most serious consequences fell on the world of culture: suppression of dissident magazines, prohibition of the circulation of foreign books, persecutions, imprisonment and exile for writers… Read More »
The 19th century The Uruguay it offers itself as the most interesting example of a country in which the creation of a sense of national identity was the determining factor for the development of the historical novel. Already in 1848 the writer A. Magariños Cervantes published the work Caramurù, set at the time of the… Read More »
The electoral victory of the center-left coalition Frente amplio-Encuentro progresista (FA-EP) and its candidate Tabaré Ramón Vázquez Rosas for the presidency (2004) put an end to over twenty years of conservative governments and allowed the start of a new phase a policy that was consolidated in the following years, during which the country experienced a… Read More »
The long liberal-democratic and parliamentary tradition of the Uruguay, already put in crisis by the growth of the guerrilla movement of the Tupamaros – strongly rooted in the population of the cities since the mid-1960s – was definitively overwhelmed in 1973 by a coup d’état. State. Only after twelve years of ruthless military dictatorship, in… Read More »
Geographical conditions. – The population based on an evaluation of January 1942, amounted to 2,202,936 residents (i.e. 11.7 per sq. km.) divided as follows: From further estimates of 1944 the residents were 2,235,000. Economic conditions. – The predominant activity remains the breeding of livestock; wool, meat and skins are the main exports; however agriculture is… Read More »
Population and economic conditions. -According to a 1992 estimate, the Platensian republic counted 3,131,000 residents, denoting a very low population growth (0.6% in the five-year period 1988-92), more in line with the European average values than with those of the South American continent. The capital, Montevideo, seat of the main economic, financial and cultural activities… Read More »
The human rights violations perpetrated by the military since their seizure of power in 1973 cost the Uruguay a resolution condemning by the 9th General Assembly of the Organization of American States (La Paz, October 22-31, 1979). According to the reports compiled by Amnesty International and by a special commission of the United Nations, the… Read More »
Constitution. – According to the constitution of September 10, 1829, renewed on April 19, 1934, Uruguay is a unitary republic. The president of the republic, irresponsible and immovable, is elected for four years by direct and general vote of the people; he can be re-elected four years after the end of his previous term. He… Read More »
Uruguay borders the two great South American powers, Brazil to the north and Argentina to the west. Argentina is part of the Martín García island, an enclave in Uruguayan waters. The Uruguay River, the largest course of the Uruguayan hydrographic network, forms the natural border with Argentina. Along the coasts of the estuary of the… Read More »
Relief. – Uruguay is essentially a hilly country, the greatest height of which is just 620m. near the Brazilian border, and 450 m. (Sierra de las Ánimas) in the interior. Structurally it is part of the great crystalline massif of Brazil, very ancient, since it dates back to the lower Paleozoic and, by some geologists,… Read More »
The smallest of the South American states (186,926 sq km, almost 3/5 of the surface of Italy), bordering the two largest of them, Brazil and Argentina. The border with Argentina is marked by the lower course of the Uruguay river (for 530 km.) And by the Río de la Plata (v.); the one with Brazil,… Read More »
Uruguay is a typically pastoral country, and sheep and cattle farming, which can have vast and excellent pastures, is the fundamental resource of the country, which in 1930 owned 7,120,000 cattle, 20,558,000 sheep, 623,000 horses, 308,000 pigs, 26,000 goats and 15,000 donkeys and mules. The world economic crisis has also had an unfavorable repercussion on… Read More »
Demography and economic geography State of South America. The country has 3,418,694 residents. (estimate UNDESA, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, of 2014) and a low population density (19.4 residents / km2), while the urbanization rate is high (94%), above all thanks to the metropolitan area of the capital, Montevideo, which at the… Read More »
HUMAN AND ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY South American state. The population (3,241,003 residents at the 2004 census) is growing at a much lower rate than in previous decades (0.7 % in the 2000 – 2005 interval), but the trend is towards a further decrease in the medium term. About 40 % of the residents are of Italian… Read More »
Population The population (3,289,000 residents According to estimates of 1998) now increases (second half of the nineties) at a moderate rate, between 5 and 6 per year ‰; the population considered urban represents over 90 % of the total (1998), mainly due to the effect of the capital, Montevideo, whose metropolitan area housed 1. 378.… Read More »
Population. – According to the last census carried out in 1975, it amounted to 2.758.915 residents, 80% of which concentrated in urban areas. The annual rate of increase was 1.2% in the period 1970-1976. Registry estimates of 1977 gave 2,814,000 residents. Economic conditions. – The economy of the Uruguay it is still essentially based on… Read More »
Population. – In 1953 the population of the Uruguay was 2,590,158 residents (13.9 per km 2), climbed in 1958 to 2,800,000 residents. Economic conditions. – While livestock still remains the main resource of the Uruguay, agriculture is increasingly being given a boost; in the Rocha area, reclamation of 650,000 ha has been started and 22,000… Read More »
The Uruguayan army no longer has the predominant role it played during the military regime. On the contrary, the judicial investigations into crimes committed during the dictatorship have to some extent de-legitimized the figure of the military. Military spending has an average value of approximately 1.67% of the state GDP. The army, with 24,650 soldiers,… Read More »
The only work of some importance, prior to 1850, is the funeral monument of Colonel Bernabé Rivera, in neoclassical style, existing in the Montevideo cemetery. Around 1850 the Italian sculptor Giuseppe Livi arrived in Montevideo, author of the statue of Liberty, placed on the column of Gagancha square, and of the Deposition from the cross,… Read More »
Communications. – In proportion to its surface, Uruguay is the South American country best equipped with railways (the first line, Montevideo-Santa Lucia, was inaugurated in 1869). The development of the railway network (1600 km. In 1890, 1944 in 1905, 2786 in 1934) was facilitated by the topographical configuration of the terrain. Almost all of the… Read More »
The invention of cinema arrived in the Uruguay on July 18, 1896, when the first paid public screening of some short films made with the Lumière brothers’ equipment took place in a ballroom in Montevideo. The first Uruguayan film, Carrera de bicicletas en el velódromo de Arroyo Seco (1898), was shot by Felix Oliver, a… Read More »
Uruguay The eastern pampas Small and sparsely populated compared to its neighbors, Uruguay struggled for a long time to remain independent, but between the mid-19th and mid-20th centuries it experienced a period of rapid growth and prosperity, attracting hundreds of thousands of immigrants. especially Italians. The dependence on farming, practiced on the vast pastures of… Read More »
The colonial age and independence. Populated by indi charrúa, visited for the first time by the Spaniard J. Díaz de Solís in 1516, the region located between the Atlantic and the eastern bank of the Uruguay river (called for this reason by the Spaniards Banda oriental) for many years did not know serious attempts at… Read More »
ART AND ARCHITECTURE From the colonial period to the 19th century The architecture of the period of Spanish and Portuguese domination follows European ways: the first designers were military engineers (Portuguese fortresses of San Miguel and Santa Teresa, in the East; in Montevideo, the Spanish ones: La ciudadela, by D. Cardoso, 1742, destroyed; Cerro, by… Read More »