Tag Archives: Study in Somalia

(Jamhuuriyadda Dimoqraadiga Soomaaliya). East African state (637,657 km²). Capital: Mogadishu. Administrative division: regions (16). Population: 9,400,000 residents (2008 estimate). Language: Arabic and Somali (official), English and Italian. Religion: Sunni Muslims 99.9%, others 0.1%. Currency unit: Somali shilling (100 cents). Borders: Gulf of Aden (N), Indian Ocean (E), Djibouti (NW), Kenya and Ethiopia (W). Member of: Arab League, OCI, UN and AU, EU associate. According to COUNTRYAAH, Somalia is a nation in Eastern Africa, the capital city of which is Mogadishu. The latest population of Somalia is 15,893,233. REMZFAMILY: Lists and descriptions of main religions and beliefs in Somalia, including religion demographics and statistics on Christianity, Islam, Judaism, etc.
GEOGRAPHY
The country occupies the easternmost section of the African continent (the so-called “horn of Africa” ​​between the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean) and represents the marginal strip of the Ethiopian region from a geological and structural point of view. The territory rests on a base of archaeozoic crystalline rocks, which, however, rarely emerges, as it is almost everywhere covered by sedimentary, Mesozoic and Cenozoic layers; the manifestations of erosive activity are everywhere relevant. The part overlooking the Gulf of Aden, a direct continuation of the Ethiopian highlands, is mountainous, presenting a series of arid plateaus broken by valleys and depressions; the extreme northern edge of the Somali plateau appears chain-like, strongly affected by erosion and the degradation of atmospheric agents; Mount Shimbiris, almost overlooking the sea, reaches 2407 m. There are very limited plains along the northern coast, which is especially rocky towards Cape Gwardafuy (Guardafui), a bare promontory at the entrance to the Gulf of Aden. The largest section of the country (Migiurtinia, Mudugh etc.), however, is formed by the very slight slope of the Ethiopian plateaus which gradually give way, towards the S, to extensive plains made up of neozoic deposits and recent alluvial layers. Starting from the Nogal valleythe coastal strip, flat, widens; along the coasts (Mudugh, Benadir) there are dune formations, which in Oltregiuba are faced by a festoon of islets. § Also hydrographically, Somalia represents the extreme edge of Ethiopia; the two only major rivers in the country, the Jubba (Giuba) and the Shabeelle (Uebi Scebeli), are fed by the Ethiopian plateau, from which they descend through long and wide valleys, so that only their lower stretch belongs to Somalia. The Uebi Scebeli, especially, considered the largest river in East Africa, has an extensive basin and a considerable flow, although it is subject to a distinctly torrential regime.; it flows into the Giuba after a long path parallel to the coast, due to dune alignments that prevent it from flowing into the sea. For the rest there are very modest watercourses that affect the Migiurtinia plateau with an almost always dry bed. § The “Mesopotamia” formed by the Uebi Scebeli and the Juba constitutes the geographically most important part of Somalia and this not only for the presence of the two rivers, but also for the better climatic conditions it enjoys. Here we have the most abundant rainfall in the whole country (between 250 and 500 mm per year) in general very dry, especially in the northern section (from 100 to 250 mm per year). The aridity derives from the position of Somalia, which remains partially extraneous to the monsoon circulation: winds blow from NE to SW and vice versa, therefore almost parallel to the coast. it is thus possible to distinguish three types of rainy regimes: a coastal one, mainly influenced by breezes and with irregularly distributed rains from spring to autumn; a continental one, which affects most of the Somali territory, with rains only in the gu (between April and June) and der (between October and November); a northern one, with exceptional and occasional rains, of an orographic type, on the slopes of the hills overlooking the Gulf of Aden. A common feature of all these regimes is the extreme unpredictability of rainfall, with serious negative effects on the economy due to long periods of drought, which can last even for a few consecutive years. The temperatures, given the equatorial position of the country, are high, although the mitigating action of the sea is felt on the coast: in Mogadishu there are annual oscillations between 25 and 27 ºC, while in the interior the annual average exceeds 30 ºC..