Tag Archives: Study in Monaco

Monaco, principality in southern Europe, on the Côte d’Azur. Monaco consists of four urban districts: Monaco-Ville with the Prince’s Palace, La Condamine with the yacht and commercial port, Fontvieille and Monte Carlo with the casino. The mild climate and the charming location on the Mediterranean Sea have favored Monaco’s development into a center of tourism. Only a small part of the resident population are real Monegasque (23.7%); 28.2% are French, 18.6% Italian. According to COUNTRYAAH, Monaco is a nation in Western Europe, the capital city of which is Monaco. The latest population of Monaco is 39,253.

History: Monaco has been under the command of the Genoa noble family Grimaldi since 1331; The head of state is (since 2005) Albert (* 1958). The protecting powers changed several times (since 1918 it has been France).

The place was probably already settled by the Phoenicians, as Monoikos Monaco became a colony of the Greek Massalia (Marseille) and was called Herculis Monoeci portus in Roman times . Caesar embarked there against Pompey. The land of the Grimaldi, rulers since the 13th century and princes of Monaco since the 17th century, was under Spanish protectorate until 1641. When a Spanish occupation threatened, Honoré II (* 1597, † 1662) went under French protection (Treaty of Péronne on July 14, 1641), became Duke and Peer of Valentinois and Marquis of Baux. Created in 1678 under Prince Ludwig I. (* 1642, † 1701) the statutes of the principality (“Code Louis”), the parliament (assembly of estates) only met when the respective prince took office. From 1768 the connection with France weakened and the British influence became more evident. In 1793 Monaco was annexed to France after a referendum. In 1814 Honoré V. († 1778, * 1841), who had been in Napoleonic service until 1813, returned to Monaco. As a result of the Vienna Congress Act of 1815, the Kingdom of Sardinia was granted patronage over the principality, which was again independent; this went under Charles III. (* 1818, † 1889) to France via (1861), which received the two cities of Menton and Roquebrune in return, whereby the territory of the principality of 21.6 km 2reduced to 1.5 km 2. In 1865 Monaco entered into a customs union with France, but retained sovereignty. Under Charles III. Monte Carlo was founded. Albert I (* 1848, † 1922) gave Monaco a constitution in 1911. On July 17, 1918, a new protection treaty was concluded with France (revised 1951 and 1953). According to him, when the ruling dynasty dies, Monaco will fall to France. Ludwig II ruled from 1922–49 (* 1870, † 1949). The principality agreed a currency union with France in 1925. In 1949 Rainier III climbed the throne, he laid the foundations of modern Monaco. With the constitution of 1962, the National Council received greater parliamentary rights. After a Franco-Monegasque conflict (1962/63), with the amendment of the Franco-Monegasque treaty in 1963, the tax advantages enjoyed by the French economy in Monaco until then were limited. In the elections to the National Council, the Union Nationale et Démocratique (UND) won all seats in 1978, 1983 and 1988; political differentiation first became noticeable in the 1993 elections, when the »Campora List«, considered to be reforming, won an absolute majority. In 1998, the AND became the strongest political force in the country again, following a constitutional amendment in 2002 (with a view to joining the Council of Europe in 2004) and a revision of the treaty with France regained foreign policy leeway (in force since 2006). In the parliamentary elections in 2003 and 2008, the alliance Union pour Monaco received a clear majority of votes. In 2005, Crown Prince Albert took over for the sick Rainier III. took over the reign and succeeded him to the throne as Albert II after his death.