Tag Archives: Study in Germany

Geographically located in the center of the European continent, of which it represents the watershed between the western and eastern sectors, Germany officially made its entry into history at the time of the contact of its original residents (the Germans, in fact) with the Roman civilization (which took place in 1st century BC). After a modern era spent in the sign of territorial fragmentation and contrasts between Protestants and Catholics, Germany reached unification only in 1871, thanks to the aggressive and centralizing policy of the Prussian chancellor Otto Von Bismarck. In the twentieth century the new state had to go through numerous vicissitudes. First of all, the expansionist policy of Emperor William II placed the nation in conflict with the other great European states (France and Great Britain), from which it was defeated during the First World War. Subsequently, the heavy conditions of peace imposed, combined with internal political instability and the problems experienced by the international economy in the 1920s, led the country to a serious crisis, which formed the basis for Hitler’s rise to power.and Nazism. Thus began a decade (1933-45) of harsh totalitarianism and violence, and the chancellor’s expansionist aims led Germany to World War II. The German defeat in the second conflict was even heavier than in the first: the winning allied powers (France, Great Britain, the USSR and the United States) took control of the territory, and later the conflicts between East and West led to the division of the country in two parts, the Federal Republic of Germany, with its capital Bonn, under the protection of the USA, France and Great Britain, and the pro-Soviet German Democratic Republic, with its capital in East Berlin. This situation reached its peak in 1961 with the construction of a separate the eastern and western areas of Berlin. But at the end of the 1980s the situation suddenly changed, the perestroika in the USSR, the consequent profound process of detente between the two superpowers and the disintegration of the communist states of the East, led against all odds to a rapid reunification of the two states. Germany became a single federal republic by virtue of the State Treaty signed by the two parties on 31 August 1990. According to COUNTRYAAH, Germany is a nation in Western Europe, the capital city of which is Berlin. The latest population of Germany is 83,783,953. MYSTERYAROUND: Lists and descriptions of main religions and beliefs in Germany, including religion demographics and statistics on Christianity, Islam, Judaism, etc.
THE STATE
The life of the institutions of the new state is governed by the Fundamental Law of Bonn, of 23 May 1949, which took on the value of a real Constitution at the moment of unification. It establishes that Germany is a federal state made up, since 1990, of 16 Länder, each with its own constitution, its own legislative bodies and its own government. Federal Head of State is the President of the Republic, elected every 5 years by an Assembly made up of members of the Bundestag – the Federal Chamber of Deputies – and an equal number of members elected by the parliaments of the Länder; its functions, however, are eminently representative. The supreme legislative body is the Federal Parliament, which consists of two chambers: the Chamber of Deputies, or Federal Diet (Bundestag), whose members are elected for 4 years by universal and direct suffrage, and the Federal Council (Bundesrat), whose members are designated by the governments of the Länder. The federal government, which has executive power, is constituted by the chancellor or prime minister (elected by an absolute majority of the members of the Bundestag, who must have the confidence; on the other hand, the Bundestag, according to the principle of “constructive trust”, he cannot dismiss him before having designated his successor) and by federal ministers, appointed by the President of the Republic on the recommendation of the same chancellor. The judicial system is based on continental law. Civil and criminal justice is administered by the federal courts and the courts of the Länder (divided into local, regional and appellate courts). Education is compulsory for 9 years (10 in some Länder) from 6 years of age. The second cycle distinguishes between a general culture course (which allows access to university) and a vocational training course.