Tag Archives: Study in Chad

Extending from the Sahara to the Sudanese region, including the first strips of the equatorial belt to the S (the so-called black Africa), Chad is not a homogeneous and unitary state neither from a natural nor from an ethnic and cultural point of view. It corresponds territorially to one of the administrative divisions of the former French Equatorial Africa (Territoire du Tchad), which achieved independence in 1960. Its borders are therefore the result of the belated subdivision of the central part of the continent by the French and English imperialisms, and the borders with neighboring countries do not conform to human geography. Characterized by a complicated geopolitical situation and an endemic civil war that neither military interventions nor French diplomacy have ever managed to quell, Chad sees its unity perennially threatened by the opposition between a Muslim North and an animist and partially Christianized South. The future looks uncertain in a country where the heads of the opposing factions continue to put personal power before the democratic process and the pursuit of even vague objectives of economic development that still at the beginning of the century. According to COUNTRYAAH, Chad is a nation in Central Africa, the capital city of which is N’Djamena. The latest population of Chad is 16,425,875. REMZFAMILY: Lists and descriptions of main religions and beliefs in Chad, including religion demographics and statistics on Christianity, Islam, Judaism, etc.
THE STATE
Due to the unstable political situation, Chad has changed its Constitution several times. According to the latest, approved in 1996 and amended in 2005, the country is a republic; the President of the Republic is elected by universal suffrage every 5 years and can be re-elected several times; legislative power rests with the National Assembly, whose members are elected for 4 years. The judicial system is based on French law and local customs. The Supreme Court and the Court of Appeal constitute the top of the system, under which there are criminal courts, courts of first instance and justices of the peace, whose offices are located in the most important cities. The Constitution also provides for the creation of a High Court of Justice. The death penalty is in effect. Alongside the armed forces, divided into army, air force and republican guard, the gendarmerie is present in the country. Military service is carried out on a compulsory basis and lasts for three years. Education is compulsory and free for 8 years, from 6 to 14 years. L’ primary education lasts 6 years; secondary education consists of two cycles, respectively of 4 and 3 years each, despite this in 2007 the percentage of illiterate people was very high: 68.2%. Since 1971, the University of Chad in N’djamena has been opened.

GEOGRAPHY
From the morphological point of view, Chad appears as an immense penepiano slightly sloping from E to W towards the depression of the homonymous lake, bounded by reliefs of volcanic origin, such as the Tibesti massif (3415 m in the Emi Koussi) to the N, to And the Ennedi massif and the other mountains that culminate, already in Sudanese territory, in the Gebel Marra (3088 m) and the other lands that to the SW continue, in Cameroon, with the Adamaoua plateau. AS the depression is closed by a series of plateaus that divide the Chad basin from the Congolese one. Within the mountain rim there are two strongly depressed areas: one is the Bodélé, in the northern part of the country, the other, corresponding to today’s Lake Chad, in the central section, Chari, the only true watercourse in the country, and its various tributaries (Kéita, Salamat and, above all, Logone). The lake is a large surface of stagnant water of very variable dimensions and levels due to the irregular rainfall regime: it is only 4 m deep, and a marshy vegetation of grasses and papyrus emerges over a large part of its surface, among the islets. sandy areas separated by channels. Due to its position, Chad has a very different climate from N to S: it goes from Saharan conditions with all the excesses of the desert (on the Tibesti it can even snow) to the little rainy belts of the Sahel (500-600 mm in N’djamena) and the wettest ones in the southern areas (up to 1400 mm), where the climate is very humid and thankless and the temperature variations, both annual and daily, are reduced: Moundou, in the southwestern section of the The country has an almost constant temperature of 26 ºC, while in N’djamena, in the central area, it goes from a winter average of 23 ºC to a summer one of 28 ºC.