In the early Eighties the economy of Canada recorded very variable growth rates (with a marked recession in 1982, when domestic demand contracted by almost 6.5% compared to the previous year), a rate of inflation above 10%, an increase in unemployment and, above all, in the public deficit in relation to GDP (which rose from… Read More »
Anglo-Canadian literature gave its first vital manifestations in travel books (Account of a journey from… the Hudson Bay to the Northwest, 1795, by S. Hearne ; Travels through Canada, 1807, by G. Heriot) and historical studies (Account of Nova Scotia, 1829, by TC Haliburton; History of Canada, 1887-98, by W. Kingsford). The poem was originally lyrical in… Read More »
With the exception of the Eskimos of the northern coasts, except for the peoples already mentioned in the north-west of America, the isolated Kutenai, the Iroquois, who advance to the mouth of the St. Lawrence River, and the Assiniboin, the Dakota tribe, who have moved relatively recently on the territory of Canada, all the natives… Read More »
Canada One of the giants of the Earth The equivalent of half of the Italian population lives in a territory as large as Europe: this is Canada, a country extraordinarily rich in natural resources and the ability to exploit them, which has reached a high degree of development and well-being. The population – made up… Read More »
The economy of Canada is notable for the great momentum shown in almost all sectors in the last decade. As far as agriculture is concerned, the cultivated area, calculated at 24 million ha in 1945 (3% of the territorial surface) has risen to more than 40 million (over 4%). Half of the arable land is… Read More »
Although industry is now the predominant branch of activity, agriculture retains a great importance in the Canadian economy; it contributes 9% to the net income produced and 12% to the value of exports (1971). It is estimated that forests occupy 48% of the land area, while less than 8% is used for agricultural activities; the… Read More »
State of North America. The population exceeded the symbolic threshold of 35 million residents in 2014 (35,524,732, according to an estimate by UNDESA, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs ; they were 33,476,688 at the 2011 census) and continues to grow regularly thanks above all to the contribution of immigration, oriented towards the sectors that… Read More »
Exploration. – The undertaking of the Canadian ship St. Rouch, who in 1944 completed the entire Northwest Passage in just 85 days (the passage in the opposite direction of the same ship carried out in 1942-43 had taken almost two years) closes for the Canada the period that can be called heroic of the great explorations. But the… Read More »
Hints of national literature, despite the diversity of languages, have only recently been found. Beyond the conflicts between the two nationalities, historical studies have been consolidated on an objective ground. Distinctly nationalist works have continued to be published, in both fields, albeit nourished by solid doctrine; but, while Casgrain’s monograph Montcalm et Lévis (1891) was still dominated… Read More »
The field of action in which Canada abandons the rigid criteria that direct it in matters of immigration (see above) is that of colonization. In promoting colonization, the Canadian government in no way encourages emigrants with promises of an easy life and rapid accumulation of wealth. The Dominion and the individual provinces only want their… Read More »
During the first fifteen years of the millennium, the reference figure in the Anglo-Canadian literature has remained Margaret Atwood (n. 1939), who with The year of the flood (2009; trans. It. The year of the flood, 2010) and MaddAddam (2013; it. The other beginning, 2014) completed the post-apocalyptic trilogy started in 2003 with Oryx and Crake (it. The last of men, 2003). But the… Read More »
Cinema in Canada makes its appearance at the end of the nineteenth century, with some documentaries on the natural beauties of the country shot by an amateur. The film industry does not have an easy development, especially from the point of view of the identity of a national culture debated between the French and English… Read More »
The extreme limits reach the Arctic archipelago at N., which goes up to about 83 ° N. (71 ° 58 N., in Cape Murchison of the Boothia Felix Peninsula, if only the continental mass is considered), at S. l ‘Pointe Pelee island in Lake Erie (42 ° 8 ′ 47 ″), W 141 ° W,… Read More »
The further territorial, demographic, economic and political development of Canada from the constitution of the Dominion to the world war (1867-1914). – The Canadian Dominion was barely, it can be said, constituted, which already manifested its aspirations towards the neighboring English possessions, securing in 1869, for only one and a half million dollars, the immense territories of the North-West, hitherto… Read More »
The development of architecture in Canada has taken on decisive and autonomous characteristics only since the 1950s, in the same period in which, with the rapid development of the town, the problems of urbanized areas were pressing. The premises for the affirmation of specific characters are to be found in the construction techniques, in the… Read More »
For most of Canada, the anthropological data that can be used directly or indirectly are very scarce. The entire inland region west of Hudson Bay as far as Alaska is roughly unknown from the point of view of anthropological morphology. We have more or less abundant data: 1. on the regions of the Arctic coast… Read More »
The situation of Canada on the eve of the turn of the century was characterized by substantial political stability (the Liberal Party, LP, had been in government since 1993), a decisive economic recovery and an easing of tensions between separatists and federalists in the province (with a French-speaking majority) of Québec. Furthermore, the progressive recognition of… Read More »
The economic recession and the Québec issue were the testing ground for Canadian federal governments in the 1990s. The first, questioning the welfare state and the Canadian model of immigration society; the second radicalizes the opposition between the concept of citizenship and the concept of cultural belonging, to the point of prejudicing the very idea… Read More »
The political landscape of Canada opens in the 1960s under the sign of the serious economic crisis characterized by unemployment, balance of payments deficit and industrial recession: the country must also address the issue of civil rights and the problematic economic consequences deriving from the windy British accession to the EEC, making London an important… Read More »
Commerce. – For the importance of foreign trade, Canada now occupies the second place among the English Dominions (after India); the relationship between import and export, which closed before the war in imbalance (average for the five-year period 1909-13: import 528.8; export 326.8), reversed after 1921, although the first a few years to rise (average… Read More »
Even without having passed through the production cycles often typical of colonial economies, even Canada has suffered from the protracted condition of political subordination. For a few centuries (with the exception of the rural and commercial settlements of the eastern area) based on hunting fur animals and fishing, logging and mining (gold), the Canadian economy… Read More »
Canada is the second largest country in the world after Russia and its border with the U know is the longest in the world (8891 km). The two countries are linked by solid bilateral relations, especially in the economic sphere. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), signed by Canada and the US in 1988 and extended… Read More »
Vegetation Flora. – A huge forest, consisting mainly of conifers, sporadically interspersed with swamps and lakes, bounded to the north by the tundra, to the south by the first offshoots of the prairie and the temperate broad-leaved forest, uniformly covers Canada, which deserves the name that it is commonly attributed to it as the land… Read More »
Agriculture and livestock. – The latest agricultural statistics give a cultivated area of 22-23 million hectares equal to 2.5% of the total area, excluding water. The largest areas are devoted to wheat, the cultivated area of which rises from 40,246 sq km. in the period 1909-1913, to 96,820 in 1926-1930, to 103,137 in the years… Read More »
The economic policy implemented by the federal government in the 1990s, particularly since 1994, is characterized above all by the commitment to reduce the public deficit. This policy was successful and, in 1998, the federal budget was in surplus. Based on this, the government intends to make significant reductions in the public debt / GDP… Read More »
The Canadian Armed Forces are made up of 66,000 active-duty military personnel. The Canadian army is technologically advanced, also thanks to trade with the US. In 2008 the Canadian government approved the new twenty-year program for the modernization of the armed forces and the redefinition of the strategic concept (called ‘Canada First’), identifying the priorities… Read More »
In its purest aspect, the culture of the forest Algonquians is perhaps shown in the Ogibways of Lake Superior, who around 1640 still lived together with the Potawatomi and Ottawa at Sault Sainte-Marie. They constitute one of the most numerous tribes in North America and still number 35,000 individuals, of which 15,000 live in Canada… Read More »
Religion. – The missions to Canada followed, of course, the ways of colonization. The maritime provinces (Nova Scotia, New Brunswirk and Prince Edward Island) with Quebec and Ontario were thus open to evangelization from the beginning of the century. XVII. Even apart from the attempt of the Jesuits Biard and Masse, evangelization was inaugurated in… Read More »
Population and society The Canadian population density, with 3.9 residents per square kilometer, is among the lowest in the world. Most of the population lives in metropolitan areas of the major cities of the country, located on the border with U know. The metropolitan area of Toronto has about 6,000,000 residents, Montreal 4,000,000, Calgary 1,400,000, Ottawa, the capital,… Read More »
Although the importance of rolling stock in Canada, as in general in North America, cannot be compared to that which they have in old populated countries like ours, the network of different roads currently used measures a total of over 760,000 km., of which about 12 thousand of concrete or asphalted roads, 130 thousand of… Read More »