NEW ZEALAND (XXV, p. 67). – History (p. 75). – The elections to Parliament in November 1935 saw in this Dominion the triumph of Labor who obtained 52 seats against 20 for the ruling party, 8 for the independents and none for the Democrats. The government, chaired by Forbes, had to forcibly resign and was… Read More »
According to the 1945 census, New Zealand’s population was 1,702,298. (without dependencies) divided by provinces, as follows: Since the last census (1936) the absolute increase of the population (excluding the annexed and external islands) was 128,488 residents (1,573,810 in 1936). This modest increase is almost exclusively due to the natural increase, since, in the last… Read More »
From 1949 the Tokelau Islands, already administered by NZ from 1926 onwards, became part of the New Zealand state. However, the metropolitan territory remains unchanged. The geological study of the islands continued; geophysical and seismic investigations continue, and we note the decrease in earthquakes (3093 in the decade 1929-38, 1642 in the decade 1939-48, and… Read More »
CINEMATOGRAPHY Although a New Zealand character actress like Nola Luxford worked in Hollywood in the 1920s and 1930s, and in the early 21st century, a popular performer like Sam Neill (born in Northern Ireland but from a New Zealand family), or a star like Russell Crowe, only since the end of the seventies, with the… Read More »
Europe in the South Seas In the mid-nineteenth century there were a thousand Europeans in New Zealand, and three hundred thousand indigenous Maori. Today the archipelago has an aspect that could be defined as European: the population is of British origin, its lifestyle is very close to that of Europe, its cities seem to have… Read More »
HUMAN AND ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY Island state of Oceania located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. According to estimates by the New Zealand Institute of Statistics, the population in 2005 stood at 4,082,400 residents, with a density of 15 residents / km 2. The positive demographic dynamics of the last decades, mainly attributable to natural balances, are… Read More »
New Zealand State of Oceania. The NZ archipelago was inhabited from the 10th to the 14th century. by Polynesian populations that arrived in various waves from the Cook Islands and perhaps Hawaii. In 1642-43 the Dutchman AJ Tasman skirted the western parts of the two major islands; the complete survey of the coasts and the… Read More »
The beginnings of literature in New Zealand are linked on the one hand to the stories of travels and explorations, on the other hand to the adoption of English models. A more mature literary consciousness appears towards the end of the 19th century, thanks to novelists such as W. Satchell and ES Grossman. The first… Read More »
In 1642-43 the Dutchman AJ Tasman skirted the western parts of the two major islands; the integral survey of the coasts and the first internal penetration were the work of J. Cook (1769-72). In the following years the fame of the ferocity of the indigenous peoples prevented any colonial settlement or missionary initiative, while on… Read More »
Population When the first Europeans arrived in New Zealand, the territory was inhabited by the Maori, a population of Polynesian lineage far from primitive, divided into groups and dedicated to agriculture and some industries. The true aborigines would be the Moors (i.e. the people lower according to the Maori), perhaps related to the Melanesians, gatherers… Read More »
The language of the indigenous people of New Zealand is Maori, a word which means, in the language itself, “indigenous, straightforward, good”; it says p. ex. wai maori “fresh water”; in the Easter Island language, closely connected with it, Maori means “capable”. Maori belongs to the family of Maleo-Polynesian languages (v. Maleo – Polynesian, languages),… Read More »
The Maori, who according to tradition have come down to 30 generations from the legendary Hawaiki under the guidance of their chief Ngahue, in the north of the North Island – tradition still knows the name of their boats – were light-skinned Polynesians, probably coming from the Tonga or the Cook Archipelago. They found the… Read More »
Speaking of the anthropology of the Maori it is appropriate to say together of the Moors, because the comparison allows essential deductions. There are very few findings on the living for both. Many have mentioned the special features of the Maori, which has been called Mediterranean or pseudomediterranean, with much exaggeration. Giuffrida-Ruggeri, basing himself on… Read More »
New Zealand was not, until the end of the fourth decade of the nineteenth century, a colonial establishment of any importance. An English community that had settled there in 1825 had had to leave it terrified; an attempt to take possession of Baron Thierry, in 1835, was dropped by the French government. It was only… Read More »
The economic bases of the region are represented by agriculture, livestock and mining production. Over two thirds of the New Zealand area is suitable for agriculture. However, only 7,737,095 hectares of land, equal to about one third of the total area, were cultivated in 1929. The abundance of forage grass allows the breeding of very… Read More »
Constitution. – The Dominion of New Zealand, created with the order in the British SM Council of 26 September 1907, derives from the ancient autonomous colony of the same name; which with the law of 1875, suppressing the provinces to attribute the functions of their superintendents to the governor, lost that sort of federal character… Read More »
Population. – The indigenous population is represented by the Maori, reduced today (1933) to about 71,000 individuals (see below: Ethnology). Today, however, white immigrants and their successors have greater importance than indigenous people, who now represent almost the entire population of the archipelago (1,465,833 residents). Today New Zealand is the most British of British colonies,… Read More »
Flora. – New Zealand, with the Chatam, Campbell and Macquarie islands, forms a distinct southern floristic domain which appears as a fragment of an emerged area, which must have assumed continental importance in the past. The character of its vegetation is Melanesian; but the great extension that this domain presents in the sense of the… Read More »
Fauna The fauna of this group of islands offers remarkable peculiarities. Mammals are extremely scarce: there are represented by some Pinnipeds, two Chiroptera and a mouse, in addition to the problematic Waitoteke, never captured, similar to an otter, and which is supposed to be a monotreme. Numerous birds, represented by twenty-seven families, four of which… Read More »
New Zealand generally enjoys an oceanic climate characterized by small annual temperature variations and by the abundance of rainfall distributed throughout the months of the year. Given the large latitude extension of the archipelago, there are however considerable differences in the average temperature between the northernmost point, where there is an annual average of about… Read More »
New Zealand perhaps represents the eastern edge of a larger continental form, broken up and destroyed by a series of partial collapses, due to numerous fractures, which occurred at different times. The very complex series of marine deposits subsequent to the Mesozoic that can be observed in the archipelago would in fact demonstrate the various… Read More »
The horizontal configuration of the New Zealand is characterized by the presence of large coastal sickles and spacious and semicircular breasts, in turn more or less affected by numerous and complex indentations, especially on the northern coasts and on those of the Auckland Peninsula, just attached to the trunk main island via the Auckland Isthmus,… Read More »
Almost in the center of the oceanic hemisphere, 2000 km. about to ESE. of Australia, from which it is separated by the Tasman Sea, extends the Archipelago of New Zealand, oriented from the SW. NE., for a length of over 1500 km. The extreme points of the archipelago are at New Zealand Capo Maria van… Read More »
On the occasion of the demographic census of 1961, the NZ carried out an administrative reorganization, dismembering the statistical area of Auckland, at the northern end, into 4 new districts. of the North Island, and slightly retouching the two boroughs of Otago, at the southern end. of the South Island. In 1965, moreover, the atoll… Read More »
New Zealand cinema gained momentum in the late 1970s with the establishment in 1978 of the state body New Zeland Film Commission, which promotes local productions, and the creation of Welling ton Studios. A system of tax incentives and the emergence on the market of cutting-edge companies for special effects have meant that with the… Read More »
Architecture With the aim of analyzing the impact of globalization on its architectural production, in 2014 NZ was invited for the first time to participate in the Venice International Architecture Biennale; David Mitchell, creative director of the pavilion, is a leading figure in the architectural panorama of a country characterized by a unique geographical, climatic,… Read More »
New Zealand is an island state of Oceania located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. According to an estimate by UNDESA (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs), in 2014 the population was equal to 4,551,349 residents, With a growth rate of 1.0% per year (2010-15) and a density of about 17 residents / km… Read More »
The first film shots made in NZ date back to the end of the 19th century; but only in 1914 did G. Tarr make his first feature film, Hinemoa, based on a Maori legend. Two years later R. Blandford signed The Test, a dramatic story based on a novel by W. Satchell, as producer, director… Read More »
As in the case of other colonial territories, the beginnings of NZ literature can be traced back to stories of travel and exploration. Among the first documents emerges A first year in Canterbury settlement (1863) by the Victorian S. Butler (1835-1902), who nevertheless showed himself skeptical about the cultural future of the colony, still engaged… Read More »
The new government (1975) of the National Party led by R. Muldoon drastically reduced state assistance, adopting a liberal and deflationary policy (strong contraction of public spending, strict measures to control prices and wages and devaluation of the New Zealand dollar in November 1976), while in 1976 the annual number of immigrants decreased (from 30,000… Read More »