Category Archives: Europe

The world’s second most active volcano is in Europe. It’s Mount Etna in Italy. Vatnajökull (or Vatna Glacier) is Europe’s largest glacier with an area of more than 8,000 square kilometers. Europe has the highest GDP (income per person) of all the continents. As a continent, the economy of Europe is currently the largest on Earth. According to COUNTRYAAH, there are 45 countries in Europe.
In the coastal fringes of the Mediterranean and Black Sea, as well as on the Mediterranean islands, there are large areas of Mediterranean brown earth and terra rossa. The latter arise on hard, pure limestone in an alternately humid, subtropical climate. They are considered to be relic soils dating from the tertiary and interglacial periods. The Mediterranean brown soils that occur in association with them are limited to moist locations with often clay-rich carbonate rock or clay-free rock as a substrate.

Dark clay soils are good arable soils and occur over a large area, for example in south-eastern Europe, as guide soil. They arise in warm to moderately humid climates and have a mighty humus and clay-rich A horizon. As a result of their alternating moisture content, the clays of this horizon swell or shrink depending on the water content.

Marsh and floodplain soils arise on the mostly clay-rich deposits of rivers or seas. They have a special, periodically changing groundwater and soil water balance. In this case, the soil-forming process is so-called gleying, the interplay between reduction when saturated with water and oxidation when air enters, which is associated with a shift and precipitation of substances. Gleye can be good soils if the water balance can be regulated.

Peatland occurs as a process when conditions occur due to particularly high groundwater levels or dammed rainwater with the exclusion of air in which the organic matter is no longer decomposed and peat is formed (peatland). This phenomenon can be seen in Central Europe in the high altitudes of the mountains, in depressions and in some river plains. Extensive boggy soils are only found in the cold zone of the boreal coniferous forests in northern Scandinavia and Eastern Europe.

Under the designation permafrost and tundra soils, different soils are summarized, which have a low soil thickness and a high proportion of raw humus in common. For the complete list of nations in Europe, please visit businesscarriers.com.